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- Name : Helium
- Symbol : He
- Atomic # : 2
- Atom weight: 4.0026
- Melting P. : < -272.2
- Boiling P. : -268.934
- Oxidation : 0
- Pronounced : HEE-li-em
- From : Greek helios, "sun"
- Identified : Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer in 1868
- Appearance : Inert, colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
- Note : Second to hydrogen in abundance in the cosmos
-
- [Properties]
-
- Helium heads the list of Group 0 elements along the right-hand edge of
- the periodic chart - a group more commonly called the noble gases. These
- gases are most noted for their relative inactivity.
- Helium and the other noble gases were once considered totally inert;
- that is, it was thought they could not react with any other element to
- produce compounds. There was good theoretical and practical evidence to
- support this earlier view. First, from a theoretical viewpoint, all
- electrons orbits for the noble gases are completely filled. This means
- the atoms are extremely stable and neither give up nor gain electrons
- under normal circumstances. From a practical point of view, no one had
- found a noble gas compound until 1962.
- Nowadays it is possible to prepare stable compounds of the three
- heavier noble gases: krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). The
- lighter noble gases - Helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) - still
- pose a problem with regard to making stable compounds. Researchers,
- however, have seen evidence of an unstable ion that combines one of the
- lighter noble gaseswith an atom of hydrogen. In the case of helium,
- this ion is HeH+. Helium is the only element that cannot be converted
- to a solid by lowering its temperature. At ordinary atmospheric pressure,
- helium is believed to remain a liquid at absolute zero. Helium gas is
- also noted for having an unusually high rate of expansion with heating.
- And, although Helium is almost twice as dense as hydrogen, it has nearly
- 98% of hydrogen'slifting power. This lifting power, combined with the
- fact that it is non-flammable, makeshelium the preferred gas for
- dirigibles, or blimps, as well as for toy balloons.